Measles is a serious disease that spreads easily from one person to another. It mostly affects children Even though there is a vaccine, outbreaks still happen in many parts of the world.
In this article, we explain everything you need to know about in simple words: what it is, how it spreads, what symptoms to look for, and how you can stay safe.
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What Is Measles?
Once someone catches measles, it can make them very sick. In some cases, it can lead to serious health problems like lung infections, brain swelling, or even death — especially in young children or people with weak immune systems.
How Does Measles Spread?
They spreads very easily. The virus lives in the nose and throat of someone who is infected.
You can catch measles by:
- Breathing in air with tiny droplets from a cough or sneeze
- Touching a surface with the virus, then touching your face
- Being in the same room as someone with measles
The virus can live in the air or on surfaces for up to 2 hours after an infected person leaves the area.
Symptoms of Measles
Symptoms usually appear 10 to 14 days after being exposed to the virus. Common symptoms include:
High Fever
Often the first sign, the fever can be as high as 104°F (40°C).
Cough, Runny Nose, and Red Eyes
These cold-like symptoms happen early and may get worse as the illness continues.
Koplik Spots
Tiny white spots may appear inside the mouth, often near the back of the cheek.
Skin Rash
A red rash usually appears 3 to 5 days after the fever starts. It often begins on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
Feeling Very Tired
The infection can make you feel extremely weak and tired for several days.
Who Is at Risk?
Anyone who is not vaccinated. People at higher risk include:
- Babies who are too young to get the vaccine
- People who never got the vaccine
- Pregnant women
- People with weak immune systems
it is still common in some countries. Travelers can bring it back and cause outbreaks, even in places where the disease was once rare.
Complications from Measles
Most people recover from, but sometimes it leads to serious problems:
- Ear infections
- Pneumonia (lung infection)
- Diarrhea
- Encephalitis (swelling of the brain)
- Blindness
- In rare cases, death
Children under 5 and adults over 20 are more likely to have complications.
How to Prevent Measles
The best way to prevent to through vaccination.
MMR Vaccine
The MMR vaccine protects against Mumps, and Rubella. It is safe and very effective.
- Children should get two doses:
- First dose at 12–15 months old
- Second dose at 4–6 years old
Adults who are unsure if they were vaccinated should check with a doctor. Getting vaccinated not only protects you but also helps protect others in your community.
What to Do If You Think You Have Measles
If you or your child has symptoms of measles:
- Stay home and avoid contact with others.
- Call your doctor before going to a clinic or hospital. This helps prevent spreading the virus.
- Rest, drink fluids, and follow your doctor’s advice.
If symptoms get worse — such as trouble breathing or confusion — seek emergency care right away.
Conclusion
Measles is a dangerous but preventable disease. Thanks to vaccines, millions of lives have been saved around the world. But the virus still spreads when people skip vaccinations or travel without protection.
If you want to keep yourself and your family safe, make sure your vaccinations are up to date. Always wash your hands, stay home when sick, and talk to your doctor if you think you have been exposed.
FAQs
Can you get measles more than once?
No. Once you have measles, your body builds lifelong immunity. But getting vaccinated is still the safest way to protect yourself.
How long is measles contagious?
A person with measles can spread the virus from 4 days before the rash starts to 4 days after it appears.
Can adults get the MMR vaccine?
Yes. Adults who were never vaccinated or are unsure should get at least one dose, especially if they are traveling or in contact with young children.
Is the measles vaccine safe?
Yes. The MMR vaccine is very safe. Side effects are usually mild, like fever or soreness at the injection site.
Why are measles outbreaks still happening?
Some people skip vaccines due to fear or misinformation. Also, travelers may bring the virus from countries where measles is still common.